The author looks back at his recent edition, in French, of Luther’s treatise On the Jews and their lies, published in 2015 with a translation by Johannes Honigmann. The article focuses on the various questions such an editorial project is bound to raise: the place of this treatise in Luther’s written works, as well as certain aspects of the theological content of this work and the questions such content raises. These matters are important if one is to consider the impact of such a publication on the contemporary debate.