The present study addresses the question of the relation between the Bible and philosophy in the Middle Ages under three perspectives: first, through an analysis of the interpretation of the apostle Paul’s speech in Athens. Second, with a study of the exegesis of a verse from the Song of Songs (1:8), and finally through the examination of certain biblical passages’ direct influence on medieval philosophy (Ps. 13:1 and 52:1; Exod. 3:14). A close analysis of texts by Augustine, Thomas Aquinas and Meister Eckhart supports the conclusion that philosophy indeed influenced and modified the reading of the Bible, and that, conversely, the reading of the Bible stimulated the philosophical inquiry. Some remarks on the problem of atheism in the Middle Ages cap the study.