The Huguenots constantly used the Psalms in their communal and private prayers, but also in what can be called their “militant use”—that is, in contexts of battle, public proclamations of their faith, religious persecution, and martyrdom. From early Reformation times, the Psalms were richly commented and studied. The identification of these interpretations forms the core of this study, which seeks to discover the extent to which this exegesis left traces of itself on the militant Psalm-singing of Reformed believers. It attempts to address this question by an analysis of works that were either written in or translated into French (Calvin’s commentaries, Augustin Marlorat’s orations, Moïse Amyraut’s Latin paraphrase), and saw a certain diffusion among the Reformed and found echoes among them.